How to change the language in powerpoint

#How to change the language in powerpoint full#

Grammaticalization All grammatical morphemes have developed out of lexical morphemes, principally nouns and verbsвЂ¦ Д¬line of grammaticalization lexicon grammar

#How to change the language in powerpoint full#

Grammaticalization Bound morphemes NвЂ“ly noun meaning вЂwith an x-appearanceвЂ™ N-hood noun meaning вЂperson/sex/qualityвЂ™ N-ful hand full of x VвЂ“ed auxiliary вЂdoвЂ™ (uncertain) Grammaticalization Where do bound morphemes come from? Grammaticalization Auxiliaries (1)Дќas brauchst du nicht zu tun. Grammaticalization (1)Дљn der Handdieser Beispiele > anhand (2) In der Folgedieses Ereignisses > infolge (3)Дљus Anlassdieses Ereignisses > anlГ¤sslich (4) Ohne Achtungdes Risikos > ungeachtet Grammaticalization Prepositions (1) Kraft seiner AutoritГ¤t (2)Дљnhand des Beispiels (3) Infolges des Angriffs auf den Irak (4)ДљnlГ¤sslich seines Geburtstags Grammaticalization Conjunctions weil Phrase include the noun вЂWeileвЂ™ nachdem P + DEM falls Fall dadurch DEM + P deswegen DEM + P vorausgesetzt PTC Grammaticalization Pronouns/determiners ein numeral der DEM jemand je ein Mann (=irgendeine beliebige Person) Grammaticalization Transparent forms nevertheless however moreover in case is about to thatвЂ™s why in order to gotta regarding in the course of Grammaticalization Epistemic markers yвЂ™know вЂ(do you) you knowвЂ™ (I) think main clause guess imperative main clause Grammaticalization Indefinite markers somebody NP a numeral (вЂoneвЂ™) Grammaticalization Prepositions during Ving in front of PP ago Prefix-gone (вЂa-goneвЂ™) Grammaticalization Conjunctions while DEM hwile SUB (hwile = вЂtimeвЂ™) thereforeДќEM + P given PTC Grammaticalization Auxiliaries gonna motion verb will verb of intention have verb of possession Grammaticalization Grammaticalization is the process whereby lexical items develop into grammatical items and items that are already grammaticalized assume new grammatical functions. The evolution of grammar (1) JackвЂ™sgonna come becausehe has won. The evolution of grammar If human language is symbolic, as commonly assumed, one can easily imagine a scenario in which our ancestors came up with words for fire, tree or stone: But how do we explain the evolution of grammatical markers? How do we explain the evolution of bound morphemes such as the English past tense suffix вЂ“ed or the grammatical case markers in German: der Mann, den Mann, dem Manne, des Mannes The evolution of grammar Content words and grammatical markers are two different types of expressions that may have evolved differently in the evolution of human language. But the categories of grammatical markers are language-specific: There are many languages that do not have articles, auxiliaries, relative pronouns, complementizers, modal verbs etc. The evolution of grammar The categories of content words (i.e. Grammatical markers are semantically more abstract and their occurrence seems to be dependent on the occurrence of content words. The evolution of grammar Content words are prototypical signs (or symbols) that combine a sequence of speech sounds with a particular concept (or meaning). The evolution of grammar Words are commonly divided into two basic types: Where do grammatical morphemes come from?.Where do grammatical constructions come from?.The symbolic nature of language X is affected by Y SUBJ be V-ed by PP (4) The city was destructed by the enemy.

The symbolic nature of language (1) Peter was hit by a car. The symbolic nature of language Where does grammar come from? The symbolic nature of language What are the cognitive prerequisites for understanding symbols? In order to understand/use symbols I need to under-stand that other people are mental beings like I am.

The ability to combine symbols to larger units.

The ability to understand (linguistic) symbols.

Language evolution Many researchers agree that language evolution / development has two important cognitive prerequisites: Language evolution How did language (notably grammar) evolve? Language evolution FOXP2 seems to play an important role in controlling motor movement, but motor movement has nothing to do with language and cognition. Language evolution вЂA Language Gene is Identified.вЂ™ The FOXP2 gene in language development Language evolution People with a defective FOXP2 gene are unable to select and produce the fine movements with the tongue and lips that are necessary to speak clearly. Language evolution What are the genetic prerequisites for language? Language evolution Where does language come from? Language evolution Attempts at teaching nonhuman primates language have failed. Language evolution Human beings are the only species with language. Mechanisms of Language Change Holger Diessel University of Jena